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Animal studies have shown that early exposure to addictive substances, including THC, may change how the brain responds to other drugs. For example, when rodents are repeatedly exposed to THC when they're young, they later show an enhanced response to other addictive substances—such as morphine or nicotine—in the areas of the brain that control reward, and they're more likely to show addiction-like behaviors.23,24 Although these findings support the idea of marijuana as a "gateway drug," the majority of people who use marijuana don't go on to use other "harder" drugs.
Read more about marijuana as a gateway drug in our Marijuana Research Report. Can a person overdose on marijuana? An overdose occurs when a person uses enough of the drug to produce life-threatening symptoms or death. There are no reports of teens or adults dying from marijuana alone. However, some people who use marijuana can feel some very uncomfortable side effects, especially when using marijuana products with high THC levels.
While a psychotic reaction can occur following any method of use, emergency room responders have seen an increasing number of cases involving marijuana edibles. Some people (especially preteens and teens) who know very little about edibles don't realize that it takes longer for the body to feel marijuana’s effects when eaten rather than smoked.
In addition, some babies and toddlers have been seriously ill after ingesting marijuana or marijuana edibles left around the house. Is marijuana addictive? Marijuana use can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, a medical illness in which the person is unable to stop using even though it's causing health and social problems in their life.
Research suggests that between 9 and 30 percent of those who use marijuana may develop some degree of marijuana use disorder.25 People who begin using marijuana before age 18 are four to seven times more likely than adults to develop a marijuana use disorder.26 Many people who use marijuana long term and are trying to quit report mild withdrawal symptoms that make quitting difficult.
Examples include therapy and motivational incentives (providing rewards to patients who remain drug-free). Continuing research may lead to new medications that help ease withdrawal symptoms, block the effects of marijuana, and prevent relapse. Points to Remember Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica plant.
People use marijuana by smoking, eating, drinking, or inhaling it. Smoking and vaping THC-rich extracts from the marijuana plant (a practice called dabbing) is on the rise. THC overactivates certain brain cell receptors, resulting in effects such as: altered senses changes in mood impaired body movement difficulty with thinking and problem-solving impaired memory and learning Marijuana use can have a wide range of health effects, including: hallucinations and paranoia breathing problems possible harm to a fetus's brain in pregnant women The amount of THC in marijuana has been increasing steadily in recent decades, creating more harmful effects in some people.
There aren’t any reports of teens and adults dying from using marijuana alone, but marijuana use can cause some very uncomfortable side effects, such as anxiety and paranoia and, in rare cases, extreme psychotic reactions. Marijuana use can lead to a substance use disorder, which can develop into an addiction in severe cases.
Learn More For more information about marijuana and marijuana use, visit our: References Substance Abuse Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. SAMHSA. Accessed December 2019. Johnston L, O’Malley P, Miech R, Bachman J, Schulenberg J.
Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; 2015. Bell C, Slim J, Flaten HK, Lindberg G, Arek W, Monte AA. Butane Hash Oil Burns Associated with Marijuana Liberalization in Colorado. J Med Toxicol Off J Am Coll Med Toxicol. 2015;11(4):422-425. doi:10. 1007/s13181-015-0501-0. Romanowski KS, Barsun A, Kwan P, et al.
J Burn Care Res Off Publ Am Burn Assoc. 2017;38(1):e165-e171. doi:10. 1097/BCR.0000000000000334. Meier MH, Caspi A, Ambler A, et al. Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(40):E2657-E2664. doi:10. 1073/pnas. 1206820109. Jackson NJ, Isen JD, Khoddam R, et al. Impact of adolescent marijuana use on intelligence: Results from two longitudinal twin studies.
2016;113(5):E500-E508. doi:10. 1073/pnas. 1516648113. Mehmedic Z, Chandra S, Slade D, et al. Potency trends of Δ9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008. J Forensic Sci. 2010;55(5):1209-1217. doi:10. 1111/j. 1556-4029. 2010.01441. x. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research.
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